Ngs superseeded sequential testing nsclc driver#
7, 8 In the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular profiles of lung cancer, and the identification of specific disease characteristics has paved the way for targeted therapies for neoplasms harboring oncogenic driver mutations or gene rearrangements. SCC was the most frequent histological subtype until the 1980s, when it was superseded by AdC, probably due to the introduction of cigarette filters and the rising number of women with lung cancer, who tend to be mostly affected by AdC. 6 NSCLC includes two major types: (1) non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC), including adenocarcinoma (AdC), large-cell carcinoma and other subtypes and (2) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancers and is a histologically and genetically heterogeneous disease. 2 The reasons for these patterns are complex and multifactorial but include cigarette smoking, unequal access to healthcare leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, environmental contamination and sociocultural barriers. 4 Despite ongoing small declines in lung cancer-related mortality in industrialized nations, such as the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK), mortality rates continue to rise in emerging nations, including Brazil, Russia, China, South Korea and Turkey. 1–3 In 2020, lung cancer accounted for 11.4% of all newly diagnosed cancers (approximately 2.2 million) and was responsible for an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18% of all cancer-related deaths). Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide due to late diagnoses and limited treatment interventions. Keywords: non-small-cell lung cancer, EGFR testing, ALK testing, immunohistochemistry, FISH, next-generation sequencing To help improve testing rates and unify procedures, we review our experiences with biomarker testing in China, South Korea, Russia, Turkey, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, and propose a set of recommendations that pathologists from emerging countries can apply to assist with the diagnosis of NSCLC. In this article, we review EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements as predictive biomarkers for NSCLC, discuss a selection of appropriate tests and review the literature with respect to the global uptake of EGFR and ALK testing. Understanding the barriers to testing in NSCLC will be key to improving molecular testing rates worldwide and patient outcomes as a result. However, there are substantial challenges for the implementation of biomarker testing, particularly in emerging countries. The presence of these mutations is predictive of response to targeted therapies such as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and ALK TKIs. Testing has centered on driver genetic alterations involving the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK) rearrangements. *These authors contributed equally to this workĭepartment of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South KoreaĪbstract: The treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years has been increasingly guided by biomarker testing. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia 7Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey 8Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG – Singapore Branch, Singapore, Singapore 9Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil 4Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China 5Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China 6N.N. Mercedes L Dalurzo, 1, * Alejandro Avilés-Salas, 2, * Fernando Augusto Soares, 3, * Yingyong Hou, 4, * Yuan Li, 5, * Anna Stroganova, 6, * Büge Öz, 7, * Arif Abdillah, 8, * Hui Wan, 8, * Yoon-La Choi 9, *ġDepartment of Pathology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico 3Department of Pathology, A.C.
0 kommentar(er)
